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91.
以酶切MitochondrialDNA(mtDNA)技术检测了尼罗非鲫和奥利亚非鲫的mtDNA。测得两种鱼线粒体基因组的大小都约为16.83kb。在使用的6种酶中,只有PvuⅡ在所检测的15尾尼罗非鲫mtDNA上产生了多态片段,3尾鱼的mtDNA产生了4个片段,12尾鱼的mtDNA产生3个片段。而6种酶在所有15尾奥利亚非鲫中均未检到多态片段。比较两种鱼的mtDNA酶切片段,仅PvuⅡ的酶切结果有所不同,尼罗非鲫mtDNA上有3个或4个PvuⅡ位点,但奥利亚非鲫mtDNA上有5个位点,因此,PvuⅡ的酶切位点可作为鉴别它们的分子遗传标记。 相似文献
92.
Qian D Shi Z Zhang S Cao Z Liu W Li L Xie Y Cambournac I Bonami JR 《Journal of fish diseases》2003,26(9):521-527
A disease of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, the giant freshwater prawn, farmed in China was recently recorded in Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Guangxi and Guangdong provinces. The clinical sign of the disease, which develops in post-larvae (PL), is a whitish appearance of the muscles, particularly noticeable in the abdomen. Mortalities may reach 100% in some hatcheries. Investigations by transmission electron microscopy after negative staining of diseased PL homogenates showed the presence of two types of viral particles: one, unenveloped, icosahedral in shape, 26-27 nm in diameter, the second, much smaller, about 14-16 nm in diameter, designated extra small virus particle (XSV). The large virus has a genome with two pieces of ssRNA (RNA-1 and RNA-2), of 3 and 1.2 kb, respectively. Hybridization tests confirmed that this large virus is closely related to M. rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV) which was isolated from diseased prawns in a hatchery in the French West Indies. Its very small size and hypothesized biochemical and biological characteristics suggest XSV is a new type of crustacean virus. As XSV has always been found associated with the larger virus (nodavirus) and is located in muscle and connective cells of diseased animals, it could be an autonomous virus, a helper-type virus or a satellite-like virus. 相似文献
93.
Roshan Pais Malathi Shekar Indrani Karunasagar Iddya Karunasagar 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2007,270(1-4):529-534
The giant fresh water prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii is known to be highly tolerant to white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infections when compared to the widely cultured marine tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon. At present, the exact mechanism of tolerance by M. rosenbergii to WSSV is not known. In this study, we attempt to study the effect of WSSV injections on the hemagglutination activity of the hemolymph serum of both P. monodon and M. rosenbergii and look for changes if any, on their hemolymph serum protein electrophoretic patterns. Our results show that M. rosenbergii had significantly (p < 0.05) higher hemagglutinating activity against mouse erythrocytes when compared to P. monodon. As the infection progressed to 48 h there was a further increase (p < 0.05) in the hemagglutination activity in M. rosenbergii, while it decreased in P. monodon. 12% SDS-PAGE analysis of the hemolymph serum of M. rosenbergii infected with WSSV did not show any new protein bands, whereas few bands with decreased intensity was observed in moribund P. monodon where the hemagglutinating activity was also observed to be decreased. The results indicate that hemolymph hemagglutinin levels are modulated in crustaceans as a response to viral infections. 相似文献
94.
Maria Lourdes A Cuvin-Aralar Emiliano V Aralar Manuel Laron & Westley Rosario 《Aquaculture Research》2007,38(3):288-294
Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man 1879) juveniles (0.4 g) were cultured in experimental cages (L × W × H: 2.5 × 1 × 1 m) in Laguna de Bay, the largest lake in the Philippines. The following stocking densities at four replicates each were used: 15, 30, 60 and 90 prawns m−2 of cage bottom. The mean sizes at harvest after 5 months of culture ranged from 14.3 g for the highest stocking density to 26.3 g for the lowest. The mean size at harvest, daily growth rate and size class distribution were significantly influenced by stocking density, with those at the lowest stocking density showing significantly better growth and overall proportion of larger prawns. Heterogeneous individual growth (HIG) was fairly evident in all treatments. The percentage of blue‐clawed males was not influenced by treatment but the mean weight was significantly higher in the lower stocking densities. Both the percentage and mean weight of berried females were significantly higher in the lowest stocking density. Survival was the highest in the lower stocking densities (55.3%, 54.0%, 52.7% and 36.9% for 15, 30, 60 and 90 prawns m−2 respectively). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) improved with decreasing stocking density, ranging from 2.1 to 3. As expected, yield per cropping increased with stocking density and ranged from 450 to 1089 g m−2 yr−1 of actual cage area. Production values obtained in the cage cultured M. rosenbergii were comparable to or even higher than those reported from pond culture, given that the stocking densities used in this study were generally higher than in ponds. The results show that the farming of M. rosenbergii in cages in lakes is a viable alternative to pond culture and has the potential of improve aquaculture production in lakeshore fish farming communities. 相似文献
95.
Ajaz Ahmad Naqvi Subhendu Adhikari Bindu R Pillai & Niranjan Sarangi 《Aquaculture Research》2007,38(8):847-851
Survival rate, growth and feed intake were determined for late juveniles (4.31 ± 0.18 g) of river prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii in freshwater with total ammonia‐N (NH3‐N+NH4‐N) concentrations of 0.015 (control), 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg L−1 for 60 days at pH 7.53 ± 0.04 and temperature 24.0 ± 2.5°C. Survival rate was significantly (P<0.05) lower (54 ± 4.2–70 ± 5.4%) for total ammonia concentrations from 0.5 to 1.5 mg L−1 [0.0139–0.0419 mg L−1 of unionized ammonia (NH3)]. Growth (0.026–0.030 g day−1 range) of the prawns did not differ for the different NH3 levels but were significantly (P<0.05) lower compared with control (0.056 g day−1). Feed intake rates also diminished significantly (P<0.05) from 77.60 ± 2.45% at control (0.015 mg L−1 NH3‐N) to 48.69 ± 2.13% at 1.5 mg L−1 NH3‐N (0.0419 mg L−1 of unionized NH3). 相似文献
96.
4个种群日本沼虾(Macrobrachium nipponensis)于2001年8月分别取自太湖、洪泽湖、广西南宁3地天然水域及浙江德清养殖种群。肌肉营养成分测定结果表明,养殖种群的粗蛋白含量为(15.83±0.32)%(质量分数),显著低于3个野生种群(P<0.05),而粗脂肪质量分数为(1.37±0.02)%显著高于野生种群(P<0.05)。3个野生种群中洪泽湖种群鲜味氨基酸含量最高;但太湖种群粗蛋白含量(17.71±0.38)%最高,必需氨基酸组成最为均衡,且单不饱和脂肪酸总量和多不饱和脂肪酸总量均为最高,分别达25.904%和35.953%。比较得出太湖种群日本沼虾肌肉的营养品质最高,养殖种群最低。 相似文献
97.
An-Li Wang Wei-Na Wang Yue Wang Li-Xin Shang Yuan Liu Ru-Yong Sun 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2003,220(1-4):833-841
The 96-h LC50 of ammonia-N and the effects of dietary vitamin C on oxygen consumption, ammonia-N excretion and Na+/K+ ATPase activity of Macrobrachium nipponense exposed to ambient ammonia were investigated. The results showed that the 96-h LC50 of ammonia-N was 36.6 mg l−1 for the freshwater prawn, M. nipponense, at pH 8.0. When prawns were exposed to high ambient ammonia-N concentrations, the oxygen consumption rate increased and ammonia excretion decreased. Dietary vitamin C supplementation led to higher oxygen consumption and lower ammonia excretion. Na+/K+ ATPase activity increased with increased ambient ammonia-N exposure in the range of 0–18.3 mg l−1, and then was reduced at ambient ammonia-N 36.6 mg l−1. Na+/K+ ATPase activities of prawns fed a vitamin C-supplemented diet were significantly lower than those of prawns fed a diet which was not supplemented with vitamin C. 相似文献
98.
Ammonia-N (NH4+ + NH3) and total nitrogen (TN) efflux rates of Macrobrachium rosenbergii were measured during stepwise temperature changes (26 °C → 22 °C → 18 °C → 22 °C → 26 °C) at different rates. Sudden temperature reductions did not affect efflux rates, but sudden temperature rises evoked rapid and high increases in the efflux rates. A direct relationship between ammonia-N excretion and water temperature was observed when gradual temperature changes were effected over a 5 h period. When the animals were acclimated to a new temperature for 72 h, no clear effects of temperature on the efflux rates were found. Sudden temperature changes resulted in an increased proportion of ammonia-N in the total nitrogen excreted. It is suggested that temperature changes during the shipment of M. rosenbergii should be avoided or made gradually. 相似文献
99.
100.